[Sunnet Alert] Advisory #138 - Snort, Mozilla, Multiple News

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Sun Jun 4 01:09:47 EST 2006


Sûnnet Beskerming Alert List Advisory #138

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Contents
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1.     SECURITY
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1    Snort
          - Remote Hacker Automatic Bypass
1.2    Mozilla
          - Remote Hacker Automatic Control
=======================================
/*
       - Remote or Local - Can it be achieved through a network or  
does it require physical access?
       - Hacker - The bad guy
       - Manual or Automatic  - Does the vulnerability need to be  
manually performed, or can it be automated?
       - Control, Denial of Service or Data Theft - Will the hacker  
get control of your system / website, will they prevent you from  
using it, or will they steal data.
*/
--------------------------------------------------------------------
2.    NEWS
--------------------------------------------------------------------
2.1    Montana Goes Quiet
2.2    Continuing Data Losses
2.3    Implications of Data Theft
2.4    mf2lro8sw03ufvnsq034jfowr18f3cszc20vmw
2.5    What Qualifies a Technical Journalist?
2.6    Miscellanea
=======================================

1.    SECURITY

1.1    Snort - Remote Hacker Automatic Bypass

       -- Products Affected --
           Snort 2.4.5, 2.6.0 and earlier when protecting Apache  
webservers

       -- Technical Description --
           Encoding an extra '\x0d' (\r) character in an http request  
will be accepted by Apache, but will cause Snort to ignore the  
content of the request - effectively allowing stealth attack attempts  
(except for the Apache logs).  Further reporting indicated that on  
some systems, changing the format of the request slightly can bypass  
the third party patches currently available.

       -- Description --
           The popular network traffic monitoring tool / Intrusion  
Detection System has been discovered to have a vulnerability which  
allows traffic aimed at websites (using http) to completely bypass  
any of the detection routines.  This does not make the system any  
more vulnerable to attacks, it just makes it more difficult to detect  
them when they start happening.

       -- Recommended Action --
           Patches will be made available on Monday 5 June.  There  
has been no report as to when a fix for the secondary issue will be  
available

       -- Source --
           http://www.snort.org/pub-bin/snortnews.cgi#431

       -- Threat Matrix --
                       U         O
           Home        -         -    (Nil)
           Business    -         8    (Very High)

1.2    Mozilla - Remote Hacker Automatic Control

       -- Products Affected --
           Firefox prior to 1.5.0.4
           Thunderbird prior to 1.5.0.4
           SeaMonkey has also been reported to be vulnerable to some  
of the issues

       -- Technical Description --
           Details on the vulnerabilities are available from the  
source websites.  There are a number of critical vulnerabilities that  
can permit remote code execution, through to system crashes and  
denial of service style attacks.  Because of the shared codebase for  
some Mozilla products, the same vulnerability can affect multiple  
products.

       -- Description --
           A major update has been released by the Mozilla foundation  
for the Firefox web browser and Thunderbird email client.  There are  
a number of serious security related vulnerabilities that have been  
fixed with these latest releases, which could allow an attacker to  
take control of vulnerable systems if victims could be enticed into  
viewing malicious content.

       -- Recommended Action --
           Update to the latest versions from the Mozilla website  
(http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/releases/1.5.0.4.html and http:// 
www.mozilla.com/thunderbird/releases/1.5.0.4.html)

       -- Source --
           http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/known- 
vulnerabilities.html#firefox1.5.0.4
           http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/known- 
vulnerabilities.html#thunderbird1.5.0.4

       -- Threat Matrix --
                       U         O
           Home        9         9    (Critical)
           Business    9         9    (Critical)

=======================================
/*
Threat Matrix:
       U - User
       O - Operator
       Harmless - 0 ----- 10 - Highly Critical
*/
=======================================

2.    NEWS

2.1    Montana Goes Quiet

The US State of Montana went quiet late last month, as an unexplained  
outage shutdown government computer systems (http://www.cnn.com/2006/ 
TECH/05/23/computer.outage.ap/index.html).  While a number of high  
priority services were kept running through various means, the state  
bureaucracy basically ground to a halt.  There has been no indication  
of the cause, although a major traffic spike leads some to consider  
that a virus was responsible for the outage.  Although it is more  
likely an aberration of data collection, the F-Secure world map for  
late May shows a major spike in malicious traffic for Montana (http:// 
worldmap.f-secure.com/vwweb_1_2/vwm/map/clen/de200615000/ds200614900/ 
dt3/gnus/ic10/if0/ii0/is2/ly100/ro0/rtpage/zz.html) several days  
after the event, but almost no traffic over the affected dates.


2.2    Continuing Data Losses

Ernst & Young are busy attracting a reputation for poor data  
management after it was recently disclosed that more than 230,000  
customers of Hotels.com and affiliated sites between 2002 and 2004  
had their personal information stolen after a laptop was stolen from  
an Ernst & Young employee.  As with a number of similar cases, the  
data was stored on a laptop which was then stolen from a vehicle.   
Affected customers have been notified by letter, following the breach  
which was reported to have taken place on May 3.  Although the data  
appears to have been lacking the staple Social Security Number, at  
least some records are reported to have included credit or debit card  
details, along with name and address.

Universities again have had a spate of disclosures, with Miami  
University reporting the loss of almost 1,000 records after a  
handheld device was stolen, while the Texas Guaranteed Student Loan  
Corp, in conjunction with Hummingbird Ltd., lost records of 1.3  
million loan applicants and recipients (almost 10% of clients) after  
equipment was lost from Hummingbird's offices.  An undisclosed number  
of students from Florida International University were notified of a  
potential loss of data, following the discovery of malicious software  
on an FIU system which could allow for sensitive data to be passed  
out from the system.  A similar incident took place at the University  
almost twelve months ago.

Elsewhere on the Internet, numerous banks had their websites  
redirected to a hacker controlled server after the hosting provider  
that was hosting them all was compromised (a similar incident took  
place in Australia last year, which Sûnnet Beskerming identified and  
reported).  The Veterans' Affairs breach continues to worsen, with  
dismissals already starting to take place.  It has been reported that  
the stolen data may have included "Social Security numbers and  
birthdates, [and] in many cases phone numbers and addresses".   
Specific medical data codes were also available for a number of the  
records.


2.3    Implications of Data Theft

With the increasing publicity of breaches, it is likely that thieves  
are taking a closer look at the data on laptops, where they may not  
have been all that interested previously (for opportunistic theft).   
Targeted thefts will continue to utilise the information stolen, but  
with almost 10% of the American population affected by one single  
theft (Veterans' Affairs) it is almost at the stage that identity  
fraud can be considered to be ubiquitous, and as one commentator puts  
it "simply punish[ing] those who haven't adopted the latest soon-to- 
be subverted identity widget?".  A lot of the particular trouble for  
Americans is the widespread use of the Social Security Number (SSN)  
as a global identifier, even though it only has a narrow scope of  
legislated use.  Countries that are planning to introduce national  
identity cards or identifiers should take note of this, and plan  
carefully to avoid the issues associated with it (in Australia Tax  
File Number and Medicare number fraud work, although it is harder to  
completely capture an identity for financial gain).


2.4    mf2lro8sw03ufvnsq034jfowr18f3cszc20vmw

The newly surfaced Archiveus Trojan malware affecting Windows based  
systems has already been defanged as a result of work by antivirus  
companies (or someone with a copy of 'strings').  In what appears to  
be a growing trend, Archiveus intentionally encrypts local documents,  
holding them to ransom for purchases from dubious online pharmacies.   
Fortunately for victims, it appears that the original author has used  
a symmetric encryption algorithm, and has hardcoded the key into the  
software (hence the subject name).  Although the malware has now been  
defanged, the police to whom the infection was first reported have  
essentially reported that tracking the source of the attack is "too  
difficult", which isn't really the best sign to send to potential  
victims, or enterprising malware authors.  Perhaps if the infections  
were more widespread, rather than a one-off, the extortion would be  
more likely to take the attention of the law enforcement community.


2.5    What Qualifies a Technical Journalist?

Following recent commentary posted on a couple of 'Technical' News  
Sources (http://news.com.com/2100-1026_3-6079314.html), (http:// 
blogs.zdnet.com/Ou/?p=226), (http://www.zdnet.com.au/news/security/ 
soa/Open_standards_security_threat_ignored_auditor/ 
0,2000061744,39257451,00.htm), questions need to be asked about what  
qualifies an individual to be regarded as a technical journalist (or  
paid blogger in the services of a technical news site).

In the first example, the rush to point out a feared defacement of  
popular video sharing site (youtube.com) led to the 'journalist'  
completely missing the modified use of a clichéd Internet meme  
(AYBABTU) and senationalising what was there.  Even though YouTube  
had provided advanced notice of the downtime, it was considered  
newsworthy enough to publish and get completely wrong.  Based on the  
poor response to the message (and presumably the article), YouTube  
later updated the site to include the message "No, we haven't be  
hacked. Get a sense of humor.".  Stunned at the poor technical  
knowledge in the article, one reader left the comment "If you don't  
know what that refers to, then you shouldn't be writing on a tech  
website", while another left "If you don't remember this, then you're  
not old enough to be surfing the web without parental supervision".   
Never mind that there are plenty of significant defacement stories to  
use after The Pirate Bay was raided, there have been a spate of real  
attacks against Swedish police sites, and defacements of music  
industry sites (http://www.zone-h.org/content/view/4473/31/).

In the second case, the author does raise some useful points, but  
they are about 18 months behind the curve in terms of value.  While  
financial sites using HTTP front pages, instead of HTTPS (the one  
with the lock, secured using 128-bit SSL), is a concern for some  
people, there are various reasons why this is the case.  For larger  
institutions, the non-cacheability of HTTPS prevents its use as the  
hardware and bandwidth required to host the site would quickly become  
excessive.  The use of distributed hosting providers (Akamai), can  
also make it difficult to adequately secure the initial pages, and  
there are plenty of other reasons.  Most large banks do offer  
https:// as well as http:// front pages, most just default to the  
http:// version.  There are quite a number of reasons why https://  
isn't all that it is made out to be, including that an https:// page  
can have a form that moves information across an unencrypted link,  
however space restricts the ability to post them here.  Because both  
the use, and non-use, of https:// has strengths and weaknesses, it is  
a bit disingenious to only highlight the weaknesses of the position  
that you don't support, especially when your own position has  
equivalent weaknesses.  At least some of the comments subsequently  
posted to the article got it right.

In the final case, it could either be poor reporting, or poor  
knowledge on behalf of the quoted certified Auditor (the 'expert').   
Although the 'expert' claims that security by obscurity is a good  
thing (that concept went out of fashion several years ago), the title  
of the article - that "Open Standards" are a security risk is nothing  
but inflammatory, and is almost completely false.  Even though the  
'expert' is quoted as saying that in the article, a better turn of  
phrase is that "Open Networks" are a security risk, but no one runs  
articles on the sky being blue.  Although SCADA devices are not all  
that well known amongst script kiddies, those malcontents targeting  
the devices will already know how to work with SCADA systems, so  
there is no security by obscurity.  Even if the script kiddie doesn't  
know how to work a SCADA system, they are still going to play around  
and break something (almost the definition of a script kiddie, right  
there).  Hopefully the article misrepresented his position (it is  
troubling if this is the standard line of thought for a CISA), but  
some commentators have pointed out that SCADA is NOT an IT system,  
but an engineering system.  The fact  that is uses various computer  
hardware is irrelevant.  When it is considered as just another IT  
system, that is when trouble starts (ref: US North East blackouts,  
Gold Coast sewage plants).


2.6    Miscellanea

The ISC are alerting to increased probes for Telnet services (http:// 
isc.sans.org/diary.php?storyid=1376), so that is something to keep an  
eye on if you still run Telnet services.  The CEH (Certified Ethical  
Hacker) certification is coming under a cloud of suspicion, after  
research into the background of the company that is responsible for  
the certification program raised some uncertain details.  EC Council  
have defended their position and SecurityFocus (Symantec) have  
deleted all records of the mailing list messages from the archives -  
which does make it more difficult to source what the original  
annoyance was (though there are still ways of accessing the original  
messages, it looks sneaky by Symantec).  This back and forth, and EC  
Council's weak defence, has brought people out of silence (many with  
CEH certs) who claim that there is nothing in the certification which  
can not be had by downloading the software off the Internet.  Even if  
EC Council is completely in the clear (which they appear to be), it  
is a black mark against their certification programs that will take  
quite some time to clear.  Reports (http://www.fcw.com/ 
article94650-05-25-06-Web) are indicating that China is bringing more  
of its 'cyberattack' units into the frontline, or at least more into  
the public eye.  While the military usefulness of these units can be  
debated, there is suspicion that these (or related) units may be  
involved in hacking / spying attacks being launched from China and  
Asia.  At the least, it could lead to an amusing 'geek race' as  
different countries establish their own units and defensive /  
counterattack units (as North Korea is also suspected of maintaining).

=======================================

Sincerely,

Sûnnet Beskerming Team
info at beskerming.com
Sûnnet Beskerming Pty. Ltd.
Adelaide, Australia
http://www.beskerming.com
Tel: 0410 707 444

** Sûnnet Beskerming Pty. Ltd. **

Established in mid 2004, Sûnnet Beskerming Pty. Ltd. is the sister  
company to Jongsma & Jongsma Pty. Ltd., and was formed to develop and  
commercialise the research coming out of Jongsma & Jongsma Pty. Ltd..  
Sûnnet Beskerming Pty. Ltd. is an Information Security specialist  
and, in conjunction with the tools developed by Jongsma & Jongsma  
Pty. Ltd., provides total security solutions and services, from the  
perimeter to internal data stores, including web application security  
and security testing and analysis.


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